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Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract Subsurface agricultural drainage waters from western San Joaquin Valley, California, were found to contain elevated concentrations of the element selenium in the form of selenate.
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Google Scholar Hoffman, D. Google Scholar Izbicki, J. Google Scholar Jennings, C. Google Scholar Kharaka, Y. Google Scholar Konetzka, W. Google Scholar Lakin, H. Google Scholar Lemly, A. It is now known that this is due to exposure to the chemical element selenium. Selenium Se is both an essential element and potent teratogen and its contamination is strongly tied to core economic activities e. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay-Delta, Se is concentrated primarily through the import of agriculturally irrigated salinized soils containing high levels of geologically derived Se in the San Joaquin Valley and within estuary point-source loading from oil refining and wastewater treatment effluents leading to elevated levels in fish and wildlife.
How the movements of fish across the landscape influence Se exposure at different points during their life history has been difficult to resolve due to the complexity of the system and the diverse sources of Se. The Aquatic Ecology and Contaminants Team investigates critical ecological processes operating in aquatic and riparian ecosystems and how these processes are affected by human activities. We address questions through a combination of field studies, laboratory experiments, and modeling, while working at multiple levels of biological organization from cells through ecosystems.
Topics include Scientific expertise in aquatic animal health within the USGS spans over eight science centers across the nation, with researchers working on all aspects of aquatic animal diseases. A flow-through wetland system was established in the Tulare Lake Drainage District TLDD in California to determine if selenium Se from saline irrigation drainage can be removed prior to impoundment in evaporation basins to reduce potential toxicity to waterbirds.
The objective of this research was to evaluate Se speciation, accumulation, and After passage of the Reclamation Act of , the United States Government began building and subsidizing irrigation projects to foster settlement and development of the arid and semi-arid areas of the Western United States National Skip to main content. Search Search. Thirty-five years later, it is one of the oldest unresolved water problems in the state.
Selenium, a naturally occurring element, is essential to people and animals alike in small doses. But selenium continues pouring off many San Joaquin Valley farms in larger quantities, which can be toxic. The United States Bureau of Reclamation, which is legally obligated to solve the drainage problem as owner of the Central Valley Project irrigation system, has failed to find a fix. The Bureau of Reclamation and Congress created the drainage problem in when they agreed to add Westlands Water District to the Central Valley Project, providing it with irrigation water diverted from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to the north.
Westlands' soils were known to be salty and perched atop an impermeable clay layer, so the bureau also agreed to build a drainage system to ensure the land would remain fertile. Their solution, in , was to build Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and fill its ponds with farm drainage.
The selenium problem was not recognized at the time, but the project went ahead even though the California Department of Water Resources and biologists at the U. Fish and Wildlife Service warned the runoff might be harmful.
In , bird embryos at Kesterson were found with missing and deformed limbs, exposed brains, and other horrors. Selenium that leached from the soil into farm runoff was to blame. The Bureau of Reclamation then began a decades-long search for another solution. None has been found so far. As a result, Westlands Water District is pressing Congress to let it take charge of the drainage problem.
One solution Westlands proposes is to grow salt-tolerant grasses using the tainted irrigation water, thereby sequestering the selenium in plant tissues. But a year-long experiment using that method has produced mixed results.
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