The skin form is rare and mostly seen in people with at-risk jobs, such as veterinarians or farmers, who are exposed to sick animals or diseased tissues, especially after an animal has a pregnancy loss caused by L.
Signs of disease are mainly seen in ruminants, such as cattle, goats, and sheep. Sheep are particularly sensitive to the bacteria. Listeriosis is one of the most common causes of encephalitis inflammation of the brain in adult ruminants. Infected animals most commonly show severe neurologic signs, such as loss of balance, circling, and unusual body spasms. Fever, loss of appetite, and decreased activity level are also usually seen. Some ruminant herds have had large numbers of late-term pregnancy losses.
Newborn ruminants typically develop a blood infection. Listeriosis in ruminants most often occurs in the winter and early spring and is likely caused by the animals eating spoiled silage. Listeriosis is more common in rabbits and rodents than dogs and cats. Rabbits and chinchillas South American rodents are particularly sensitive to the bacteria. The disease usually causes a blood infection. Pregnancy loss and uterine inflammation are also common, especially in chinchillas.
These reproductive problems are often associated with gastrointestinal signs, such as diarrhea or constipation. Large outbreaks of listeriosis have been seen in captive rabbits and rodents. The source of infection in these outbreaks was thought to be contaminated food.
However, more serious signs are possible, such as fever, muscle pain, breathing problems, pregnancy loss, and even death. This means that even if the pets appear healthy, they can still shed L. For example, cats can spread L. One way dogs can spread the bacteria is when they have stool accidents inside the home.
Pet waste from both sick and healthy pets can be a source of infection for people. Animal feed and pet food are recalled for various reasons, including for the presence of Listeria. CVM Kid's Page. The Statistics at a Glance Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Back to the top Characteristics L. The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters ; Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.
Back to the top Listeriosis in People Listeriosis occurs almost exclusively in pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems such as those with cancer or other diseases. Table 1: Comparison of Early- and Late-onset Listeriosis in Newborns Early-onset listeriosis Late-onset listeriosis Baby Usually premature Usually full-term and healthy Mother Recent flu-like illness before delivery No signs of illness before delivery Source of infection In utero from L.
Supporting References. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Information for health professionals and laboratories. Accessed Jun 7, Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals.
Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, ; Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods: technical report. Microbiological risk assessment series; no.
Available at: www. Accessed Jun 2, Food and Drug Administration website. Food safety for pregnant women. Food Safety and Inspection Service website. Protect your baby and yourself from listeriosis. What is the incubation period for listeriosis? BMC Infect Dis ; Animal models of listeriosis: a comparative review of the current state of the art and lessons learned. Vet Res ; Jacobson L.
Pediatr Rev ; Canine tonsillitis associated with Listeria monocytogenes. Listeriosis is treated with antibiotics. How do people get infected with Listeria? What should I do if I ate a food that may have been contaminated with Listeria?
Is listeriosis a serious disease? How many people get listeriosis every year? Every year, about 1, people get listeriosis in the United States.
Are outbreaks of listeriosis common? What are public health agencies doing to prevent or control listeriosis? How can I help protect myself and my family from infection? Refrigerate leftovers within 2 hours in shallow, covered containers and use within days. Avoid cross-contamination in the refrigerator or other places in the kitchen. Click for larger image. Related Links. Follow Listeria.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Listeriosis is an infection caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes.
People become infected by eating foods contaminated with the bacteria. Listeria may infect many different sites in the body, such as the brain, spinal cord membranes, or the bloodstream. Healthy adults and children occasionally are infected with Listeria , but they rarely become seriously ill.
Although most cases occur as single cases, food-borne outbreaks when two or more people become ill from the same source do occur. Listeria bacteria can be found in water and soil. Infected animals, even if they are not sick, may carry the bacteria, spread it, and contaminate foods. Listeria can be spread to people by several different methods. Eating food contaminated with the bacteria, such as through raw unpasteurized milk or contaminated vegetables, is often a source for cases.
The bacteria may be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or directly to the newborn at the time of birth. Because listeriosis can affect many different parts of the body, the symptoms vary from mild to severe. Symptoms vary in people with invasive listeriosis, meaning the bacteria has spread beyond the gut. Specific laboratory tests are the only way to diagnose this disease. Listeriosis is treated with antibiotics.
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